Based on the new DNA strategy, the treatment of influenza virus shows hope

The Wistar Institute's MedImmune (AstraZeneca Global Biologics Research and Development Division) and Inovio Pharmaceuticals scientists have developed a novel, synthetic DNA-based strategy in preclinical models to provide protection against a variety of influenza viruses. These findings underscore this promising strategy, published in the npj vaccine.

Based on the new DNA strategy, the treatment of influenza virus shows hope

It is widely recognized that influenza strains change every year. Seasonal flu vaccines are effective against the annual flu virus. Therefore, at the end of the flu season, the vaccine must be put into production immediately for listing at the end of the summer.

“The process of discovery is not always smooth. Therefore, the vaccine available in the fall is not a good match for circulating strains, and the effect is poor,” said senior author David Weiner. The flu occasionally causes a dramatic change in the strain, leading to another strain of the virus, which requires a new vaccine development strategy that carries the risk of significant health consequences. "In addition, some vulnerable people may not respond well to vaccines, and the new, simple, rapid and widespread way to prevent the flu will be a big step forward."

US and Japanese scientists recently discovered the 1918 pandemic deadly gene

Researchers in the United States and Japan have recently discovered that a genome formed by three genes may be the culprit leading to the 1918 pandemic, a finding that may contribute to the development of new influenza drugs.

US and Japanese scientists recently discovered the 1918 pandemic deadly gene

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin and the University of Tokyo in Japan reported in a new issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences that they identified these three by mixing samples of 1918 influenza virus variants with samples of seasonal influenza viruses. The genes - PA, PB1 and PB2 - form a genome that allows the influenza virus to enter the lungs and cause pneumonia.

The University of Hong Kong has designed a gene against influenza virus that can effectively prevent and treat the flu.

The University of Hong Kong announced that its microbiology experts have used viral genes and proteins to develop drugs that effectively inhibit influenza virus. According to reports, the research team spent more than three years to design influenza DIG3 (defective interference gene), which can effectively inhibit the growth of influenza virus in cells, and is not easy to produce drug resistance. In addition, the research team designed a new protein called TAT-P1 as a gene carrier, which can not only introduce DIG3 into the cell to inhibit the growth of the virus, but also inhibit the virus replication by inhibiting the acidification of the cell endosomes, and exert a dual antiviral effect.

The University of Hong Kong has designed a gene against influenza virus that can effectively prevent and treat the flu.

Researchers at the University of Hong Kong found that injecting DIG3/TAT-P1 into the respiratory tract of mice one or two days before the laboratory mice were infected with H1N1 human influenza virus or H7N7 avian influenza virus or 6 hours after infection, it could effectively improve the survival rate of mice. Inhibits the growth of the virus in the lungs of mice. This shows that DIG3/TAT-P1 can effectively prevent and treat influenza.

Significant progress in the Phase III clinical study of Genentech's new influenza drug

Genentech a member of the Roche Group, announced that the CAPSTONE-2, a phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy of the new flu-influenza drug baloxavir marboxil in people with high-risk complication, reached the primary end point.

Significant progress in the Phase III clinical study of Genentech's new influenza drug

The flu is a serious threat to global human health. The annual flu epidemic can cause approximately 3 to 5 million patients to be seriously ill, millions of patients need hospitalization for treatment, and as many as 650,000 people die. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines the following populations as people with high-risk flu complications: elderly people 65 years of age or older, people with asthma, chronic lung disease, diabetes, or heart disease. For these patients, the flu may cause them to stay in hospital or even die. They urgently need a new drug to relieve the disease and reduce the incidence of complications.

Baloxavir marboxil was originally developed by Shionogi & Co., Japan. It is a new antiviral drug that inhibits viral replication by inhibiting cap-dependent endonuclease in influenza viruses. The mechanism of action of anti-influenza drugs is to prevent the spread of the virus in the body by targeting neuraminidase. Compared to these drugs, baloxavir marboxil targets the earlier stages of the viral replication cycle and it is effective against influenza viruses that have developed resistance to oseltamivir.

Science: The new influenza gene

Brett Jagger and Paul Digard from the University of Edinburgh discovered a new flu gene that hides the 12 genes we know of in the past. This new gene, called PA-X, affects how the viral host reacts to the virus. Curiously, it seems to reduce the severity of the infection.

Science: The new influenza gene

I can write down the entire genome of the flu virus that exists in about one hundred birds, which is only 14,000 bases compared to the human gene, which contains more than 3 billion bases. However, this tiny genetic material is enough to kill thousands of people. Although sequencing is done again and again, we still have a lot of unknowns about it.

A study published in Science magazine is an excellent illustration of the depth of our ignorance. Brett Jagger and Paul Digard from the University of Edinburgh discovered a new flu gene that hides the 12 genes we know of in the past.

This new gene, called PA-X, affects how the viral host reacts to the virus. Curiously, it seems to reduce the severity of the infection. Virologist Ron Fouchier said: "This is indeed an exciting discovery in the flu field." Dendard's old colleague, flu researcher Wendy Barclay from Imperial College London, said: "How can we miss it? It highlights these genomes. How dense is it."

How to prevent influenza, what should you pay attention to?

Every season of season change is also the period of frequent influenza, especially for teenagers and the elderly. Because this group of people has relatively low resistance, can you reduce the chance of influenza by yourself? I hope to help you in the way of avoiding influenza in your daily life.

How to prevent influenza, what should you pay attention to?

1. Personal hygiene plays a key role in the prevention of influenza. The flu virus can easily be infected by touching the surface of the mouth with the virus and touching the nose and mouth. Half of the flu is caused by contact with the hands. Therefore, it is very important to wash your hands and keep your hands clean. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. In addition, wash your hands with soap to wash carefully, and the time should be as long as possible. The other is to wear a mask when going out. Although wearing a mask can not completely block the virus, it is currently one of the best ways to reduce the infection, at least let us inhale some of the virus floating in the air.

How to tell the flu and the cold?

The difference between flu and cold
Many parents have difficulty distinguishing whether the baby is suffering from a flu or a cold. Although both flu and cold are caused by viral infections, there is still a big difference between the two.

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Common cold

A cold is a cold we often say, also known as a cold. The virus is spread by airborne droplets, and the nasal cavity is the primary target of attack, but the general impact on humans is limited to the respiratory system. In general, each person has a cold several times a year, but there are no particularly prominent conditions. Under normal circumstances, a person is caught in a cold, too tired, after the rain, due to decreased immunity and susceptible to a cold. Sneezing, coughing, and stuffy nose are the main symptoms of a cold. In severe cases, nasal congestion and headaches may occur. Most are accompanied by a fever, but generally low fever, rarely high fever. These conditions are milder than the flu and generally do not endanger life.

What do you need to pay attention to influenza care?

What do you need to pay attention to influenza care?

What do you need to pay attention to influenza care?

For hospitalized flu patients, the nursing staff should do the following:

1. During the febrile period, rest in bed, drink plenty of water, regularly monitor body temperature, and take Chinese medicine or antiviral drugs such as Yinqiao Jiedu Tablets, Sangju Cold Tablets, etc.

2. For patients with obvious body aches or headaches, the patient may be assisted to take a comfortable position and, if necessary, to take antipyretic and analgesic drugs;

3. Patients with pulmonary inflammation or cardiopulmonary dysfunction should closely monitor vital signs. Patients with dyspnea or cyanosis should take semi-recumbent position, give oxygen, remove respiratory secretions in time, strengthen supportive care, pay attention to maintain cardiovascular function, poisoning Symptoms can be treated with effective antibiotics or hormones;

What are the preventive measures for influenza?

Seasonal flu is highly capable of being transmitted from person to person and is more important than active prevention and control over limited effective treatments. The main preventive measures are as follows.

What are the preventive measures for influenza?

Strengthen personal health knowledge and education
1. Maintain indoor air circulation and avoid crowd gathering places during the peak season.
2. Use a paper towel when coughing or sneezing to avoid the spread of droplets.
3. Wash your hands thoroughly and avoid touching your mouth, eyes and nose.
4. If you have flu-like symptoms during the epidemic, seek medical advice and reduce exposure to others. Try to stay at home.
5. Patients with influenza should be isolated for 1 week or until the main symptoms disappear. Patient equipment and secretions should be thoroughly disinfected.
6. Strengthen outdoor physical exercise and improve the body's ability to resist disease.
7. The weather in autumn and winter is changeable, pay attention to adding and subtracting clothes.

What are the complications of influenza?

What are the complications of influenza?

What are the complications of influenza?

 Complication
(1) The incidence of bacterial pneumonia is 5 to 15%. Two to four days after the onset of the flu, the condition is further aggravated, or the condition is aggravated after the recovery period of the flu, and there is high fever, severe cough, purulent sputum, difficulty breathing, lung wet voice and signs of lung consolidation. The total number of peripheral white blood cells and neutrophils increased significantly, mainly by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae.

(2) Pneumonia caused by other pathogens including Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Legionella pneumophila, Fungi (Aspergillus), etc. When the pneumonia of influenza patients is invalidated by conventional anti-infective treatment, the possibility of fungal infection should be considered.

What are the inspection items for influenza? How is influenza diagnosed?

What are the inspection items for influenza? How is influenza diagnosed?

What are the inspection items for influenza? What is influenza?

An examination
1. Peripheral blood test
The total number of white blood cells is generally not high or decreased, and lymphocytes are increased. Severe cases can also be elevated. If combined with bacterial infection, the total number of white blood cells and neutrophils rise.

2. Blood biochemical examination
In some cases, hypokalemia occurred, and in a few cases, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were elevated.

3. Pathogen related examination
It mainly includes virus isolation, viral antigen, nucleic acid and antibody detection. Virus isolation is the primary method of laboratory testing; viral antigen and nucleic acid detection can be used for early diagnosis; antibody testing can be used for retrospective investigation, but it is of little significance for early diagnosis of cases.

4. Imaging examination
Some patients may present with signs of bronchial infection with increased bronchial texture. In severe cases, pulmonary invasive lesions or pleural effusion may occur, or even fused into a piece.

What are the clinical manifestations of influenza?

What are the clinical manifestations of influenza?

What are the clinical manifestations of influenza?

1.Incubation period
The incubation period is generally 1 to 7 days, most of which are 2 to 4 days.

2. Performance
(1) simple influenza often suddenly starts, chills and high fever, body temperature can reach 39 ° C ~ 40 ° C, more with headache, body muscle joint pain, extreme fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, often have sore throat, dry cough, can There are nasal congestion, runny nose, discomfort after the sternum. Facial flushing, mild congestive congestion of the conjunctiva. If there is no complication, the self-limiting process is more than 3 to 4 days after the onset of body temperature gradually subsides, the systemic symptoms improve, but cough and physical recovery often take 1 to 2 weeks. Mild flu is similar to the common cold, with mild symptoms and recovery in 2 to 3 days.