What are the treatments for epidemic encephalitis?

What are the treatments for epidemic encephalitis?

What are the treatments for epidemic encephalitis?

Epidemic encephalitis treatment

Patients should be hospitalized, and the hospital should have anti-mosquito and cooling equipment. The condition should be closely observed, careful care should be taken to prevent complications and sequelae, which is of great significance for improving the curative effect.

1. General treatment
Pay attention to diet and nutrition, supply enough water, high fever, coma, convulsions, patients are prone to loss of water, it is appropriate to make up enough liquid, adults generally 1500 ~ 2000ml daily, children daily 50 ~ 80ml / kg. But the infusion should not be more, to prevent brain edema, aggravating the condition. Nasal feeding should be used for comatose patients.


2. Symptomatic treatment
(1) High heat treatment room temperature strives to drop below 30 °C. Patients with high temperature can use physical cooling or drug cooling to keep the body temperature between 38 °C and 39 °C (anal temperature). Generally, the muscle can be injected into the analgin, the young child can use An Nai near the anal plug, avoid using excessive antipyretic drugs, so as to avoid collapse due to a lot of sweating.

(2) The treatment of convulsions may be carried out using a sedative tincture such as diazepam, chloral hydrate, phenytoin, and amitox sodium. Corresponding measures should be taken for the cause of convulsions: 1 due to cerebral edema, dehydration should be the main treatment, 20% mannitol can be used, intravenously in 20 to 30 minutes, if necessary, repeated 4 to 6 hours . At the same time, furosemide, adrenocortical hormone, etc. can be used together to prevent rebound after application of the dehydrating agent. 2 due to clogging of respiratory secretions, difficulty in ventilating brain cells caused by hypoxia, should give oxygen, keep the airway open, if necessary, tracheotomy, pressurized breathing. 3 due to high temperature, should be based on cooling.

(3) Treatment of respiratory disorders and respiratory failure In patients with deep coma, when the snoring of the throat is increased and the breathing is affected, the secretions may be attracted through the oral cavity or the nasal cavity, and the body position drainage and atomization inhalation may be used to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. Dehydration agents, adrenocortical hormones, etc., may be given to patients with respiratory failure due to cerebral edema and cerebral palsy. The breath holding due to convulsions can be treated as a convulsion. If you have spontaneous breathing due to pseudobulbar paralysis or cerebral palsy, you should immediately perform a tracheotomy or intubation, using a pressurized artificial respirator. If you have spontaneous breathing, but you are weak, you can use respiratory stimulants such as lycopene, nikethamide, Ritalin, back to Surin, etc. (alternate use).

(4) Circulatory failure treatment due to cerebral edema, cerebral palsy and other brain damage caused by circulatory failure, manifested as pale, cold limbs, small pulse pressure, central respiratory failure, should use a dehydrating agent to reduce intracranial pressure. In the case of cardiogenic heart failure, cardiotonic drugs such as cedilan should be added. If the blood volume is insufficient due to high fever, coma, and excessive water loss, resulting in circulatory failure, it should be based on expansion.

3. Adrenal cortex hormones and other treatments
Adrenal cortex hormones have anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, reduce capillary permeability, protect blood-brain barrier, reduce brain edema, inhibit the formation of immune complexes, protect cell lysosomal membranes, etc., for patients with severe and early diagnosis Applicable. When the body temperature drops to above 38 °C, it can be gradually reduced after 2 days, generally not more than 7 days. Symptoms of premature withdrawal may be repeated, and if used for too long, complications may occur. In the early stage of the disease, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug, ribavirin or dimetamol, can be used, and the fever is obvious, and the curative effect is good. Membrane inflammation.