What are the treatments for influenza?

What are the treatments for influenza?

What are the treatments for influenza?

Treatment
1. General symptomatic treatment
Rest in bed, drink plenty of water, give liquid or semi-liquid diet, suitable for nutrition, add vitamins, rinse with warm boiled water or warm salt water after eating, keep mouth and nose clean, and give anti-infective treatment when systemic symptoms are obvious.

2. Principles of treatment
Early application of antiviral therapy. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of prevention of isolation and drug treatment, and the principle of equal treatment and symptomatic treatment. The basic principles include early application of anti-influenza drugs, avoiding blind or inappropriate use of antibiotics, strengthening supportive care, preventing and treating complications, and rational application of symptomatic treatments.
Anti-influenza drug treatment. Anti-influenza drug treatment is started as soon as possible within 36 hours or 48 hours of onset. Although there are data showing that neuraminidase inhibitors can be effective after 48 hours of onset, most studies have shown that early treatment is more effective.


(1) Application indication
a. Recommended use

• Adult and child patients with laboratory pathogens confirmed or highly suspected of influenza and with high risk factors for complications, regardless of the underlying disease, influenza vaccine immunization status and the severity of the influenza condition, should be treated within 48 hours of onset.
• The laboratory confirms or highly suspects that the flu and adult and child patients need to be hospitalized, regardless of the underlying disease, influenza vaccine immune status, if the influenza virus test is positive after 48 hours of onset, antiviral drug therapy is also recommended.

b. Consider using

• Clinically suspected flu patients with high risk factors, morbidity >48 hours of disease did not improve and 48 hours after the specimens were positive for adult and child influenza outpatients.
• Patients with high clinical suspicion or laboratory confirmation of influenza, no risk factors for complications, and 48 hours of onset may also benefit from antiviral therapy, but their safety and efficacy are not evaluated in a prospective study.

(2) specific drugs

• The mechanism of action of the neuraminidase inhibitor is to prevent the virus from being released from the infected cells and invading neighboring cells, reducing the replication of the virus in the body, and being active against both influenza A and B. There are two varieties listed in China, namely oseltamivir and zanamivir. A large number of clinical studies have shown that neuraminidase inhibitor treatment can effectively alleviate the symptoms of influenza patients, shorten the course of disease and hospitalization, reduce complications, save medical expenses, and may reduce the mortality rate of some people, especially in the incidence of 48 Used early in the hour.Oseltamivir is an oral dosage form approved for children and adults >1 year old, 5 years old (UK) or 7 years old (US). Control studies have shown no difference in efficacy with oseltamivir. Occasionally, it can cause bronchospasm and allergic reactions. Patients with underlying diseases such as asthma should be cautious and have fewer other adverse reactions.
• M2 ion channel blocker blocks the ion channel of influenza virus M2 protein, thereby inhibiting viral replication, but only inhibits influenza A virus. It includes two varieties of amantadine and rimantadine. Nervous system adverse reactions are neuroticism, anxiety, inattention and mild headache, etc., more common in amantadine; gastrointestinal reactions have nausea, vomiting, mostly mild, can quickly disappear after stopping. These two drugs are prone to drug resistance
• The dosage of children is the same as that for adults. In an emergency, oseltamivir can be used for infants older than 3 months. Antiviral therapy should be performed even if the time exceeds 48 hours.

(3) support treatment and prevent complications
Pay attention to rest, drink plenty of water, increase nutrition, and give a diet that is easy to digest. Mainly add vitamins, rinse with warm boiled water or warm salt water after eating, keep your nose and mouth clean. Maintain water and electrolyte balance. Closely observe, monitor and prevent treatment complications.

(4) Reasonable application of related drugs
Influenza is a common viral infectious disease. For the treatment of influenza virus, antibiotics have no effect. Therefore, antibiotics should not be used without any signs of bacterial infection, otherwise it may cause double infection or drug-resistant bacteria. The use of antibiotics in the presence of secondary bacterial infections. Because fever is a prominent symptom of influenza, the application of the antipyretic aspirin can cause the occurrence of Reye's syndrome. Therefore, it is easy to use physical cooling when dealing with fever in influenza patients, and try to avoid the application of high-dose aspirin.